VbaConditionalsBeginner

If...Then...Else

Branches macro logic based on a condition.

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If condition Then
    ' statements
Else
    ' fallback
End If
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What it does

Overview

Branches macro logic based on a condition.

If...Then...Else is the default branching tool for workbook automation: validate input, guard destructive actions, skip blanks, or route records into different sheets. It is the right tool for a small number of explicit conditions, while Select Case becomes clearer when you are routing among many discrete values.

Quick reference

Syntax

If condition Then
    ' statements
Else
    ' fallback
End If

See it in practice

Examples

1

Skip blank customer codes

If Len(Trim$(Cells(2, 1).Value)) = 0 Then
    MsgBox "Customer code is missing"
Else
    Call ProcessCustomer
End If

Conditionals are essential for safe workbook automation on messy input data.

Debug faster

Common Errors

1

LogicError

Cause: Testing worksheet values without trimming spaces or handling Empty values first.

Fix: Normalize the input before the condition when imported data may be messy.

Runtime support

Compatibility

Excel desktop VBA

Source: Microsoft Learn Office VBA reference

Common questions

Frequently Asked Questions

Branches macro logic based on a condition.

LogicError: Normalize the input before the condition when imported data may be messy.